Alberyk II (909? – 954) – pogromca własnej matki i książę Rzymu

Srebrna moneta papieska z czasów papieża Agapita II i Alberyka II

Srebrna moneta papieska z czasów papieża Agapita II i Alberyka II

Był przez prawie ćwierć wieku niezaprzeczalnym władcą Rzymu, a pozycję tę uzyskał za sprawą uszczerbku na honorze, jakim był wymierzony mu policzek. W ten to sposób zrodziła się legenda o upokorzonym synu, który dochodzi swoich racji, buntując się przeciw matce i brutalnemu ojczymowi. Czy była to jednak zniewaga, czy dobrze wyreżyserowany plan – osądźmy sami.

Srebrna moneta papieska z czasów papieża Agapita II i Alberyka II

Był przez prawie ćwierć wieku niezaprzeczalnym władcą Rzymu, a pozycję tę uzyskał za sprawą uszczerbku na honorze, jakim był wymierzony mu policzek. W ten to sposób zrodziła się legenda o upokorzonym synu, który dochodzi swoich racji, buntując się przeciw matce i brutalnemu ojczymowi. Czy była to jednak zniewaga, czy dobrze wyreżyserowany plan – osądźmy sami.

Do zajścia tego miało dojść podczas wieczerzy urządzonej miesiąc po ślubie (932) matki Alberyka II, Marozji, z jej trzecim mężem, Hugonem z Arles. Rozwścieczony zniewagą, wyrządzoną mu przez nowego ojczyma po tym, jak rozlał wodę do mycia rąk na jego szaty, młodzieniec czym prędzej opuścił Rzym, aby pojawić się w nim kilka tygodni później na czele zbrojnych oddziałów. Hugo z Arles zdążył uciec z miasta, spuszczając się po sznurze z murów zamku św. Anioła. W Rzymie pozostał starszy brat Alberyka, papież Jan XI, i ich matka. Młodzieniec z hasłem uwolnienia miasta od ladacznic (chodziło o Marozję i jej siostrę, Teodorę Młodszą) i barbarzyńcy z Północy (Hugo z Arles) szybko opanował miasto, po czym uwięził matkę, a papieża zamknął w Pałacu Laterańskim, ograniczając do minimum jego działania – na tyle, że można Jana spokojnie nazwać więźniem Lateranu.

Kim był zatem ten zuchwalec urastający do rangi wybawiciela Rzymu? Urodził się jako drugi syn Marozji i księcia Spoleto, Alberyka I. Przez lata pozostający w cieniu starszego brata, którego matka wyniosła na tron papieski (Jan XI), nieprzychylnym okiem patrzył na jej trzeci związek, tym razem z królem Italii, Hugonem z Arles. Realizacja ambicji tej pary, zmierzającej do sięgnięcia po cesarską koronę, była już na wyciągnięcie ręki, co jednak w zdecydowany sposób kłóciło się z wizjami samego Alberyka II. Jak się okazało, podburzając rzymian przeciw matce i jej nowemu mężowi, wprowadził w życie plan, który do tej pory nie udał się żadnemu rzymskiemu arystokracie. Ogłosił się z woli Bożej księciem i senatorem wszystkich rzymian, a tym samym wyniósł Rzym do rangi jednego z włoskich księstw (takich jak Wenecja czy Neapol). Przyrzekł rzymianom, że już nigdy nie będą musieli słuchać króla ani cesarza, że będą rządzić się sami, a papież będzie jedynie dzierżył władzę duchowną nad światem chrześcijańskim, ale profity z niej będzie czerpać nowe księstwo Alberyka II.

Po rozprawieniu się z własną rodziną przyszedł czas na odpowiedni ożenek. I kogo wybrał nasz dzielny bohater, który jeszcze nie tak dawno pomstował na barbarzyńcę z Północy? Jego córkę, a swoją przyrodnią siostrę – Aldę! Małżeństwo zostało zawarte w 936 roku, a owocem tego związku (choć w tym przypadku matka nie jest pewna) był Oktawian – przyszły papież Jan XII.

Alberyk II, podobnie jak wcześniej jego ojciec i dziad, zajął się zaprowadzaniem porządku i całkowicie podporządkował sobie politykę swego brata, papieża Jana XI. Gdy ten umarł w 935 roku, na tron Piotrowy wstąpił mnich całkowicie akceptujący przewodnią rolę księcia Rzymu – Leon VII, a po nim Stefan VIII, Maryn II i Agapit II. Wszyscy oni aprobowali nowy porządek i tytuł książęcy Alberyka II. Mało tego, przybyły do Rzymu mnich benedyktyńskiego klasztoru w Cluny – Odo z Cluny, przedstawiciel nurtu reformatorskiego w łonie Kościoła (walczącego z symonią oraz rozpasaniem i zeświecczeniem kleru), został przyjęty z czcią przez papieża Jana XI i Alberyka II, a ten ostatni ofiarował mu dobra w Państwie Kościelnym, w tym klasztor św. Pawła oraz własny pałac na wzgórzu awentyńskim (przy kościele Santi Bonifacio e Alessio).

Alberyk II zdawał sobie sprawę ze swych politycznych ograniczeń, dlatego skoncentrował się na władaniu miastem, które pod jego rządami przeżywało okres długo niezaznanego spokoju i dobrobytu. I w imię też partykularnych interesów rzymian prośba księcia saskiego i króla Niemiec Ottona I o cesarską koronę, w zamian za obronę Kościoła, spotkała się z jego zdecydowaną odmową. Był to pierwszy akt rozgrywki ambitnego niemieckiego króla z rodem hrabiów Tusculum, ale nie ostatni. Książę Rzymu najwyraźniej zdawał sobie jednak sprawę, że okres spokoju i prosperity może się zakończyć. Chmury nad jego księstwem już zaczęły się zbierać. Potęga Ottona I rosła, a „zniewolenie” papieży, jakiego dokonał, zaczęło być coraz bardziej krytykowane. Rozwiązaniem korzystnym wydawało się ponowne zjednoczenie władzy duchownej i świeckiej w jednych rękach. Widząc to, Alberyk postanowił zmienić swą dotychczasową politykę, wbrew wszelkim obyczajom dopuszczając się rzeczy bez precedensu. W momencie przeczuwanej śmierci – jak twierdził kronikarz Benedykt z Monte Soratte – zalecił i zobowiązał duchownych i arystokratów rzymskich, aby po śmierci panującego papieża Agapita II na kolejnego biskupa Rzymu wybrali jego (Alberyka), syna, tym samym ponownie łącząc w jednych rękach dwie funkcje, do tej pory niezależne. Zapewne nie przypuszczał, że jego następca, mający wtedy zaledwie siedemnaście lat, już niespełna rok później zostanie następcą Piotrowym, przybierając na cześć swego wuja (Jana XI) imię Jan XII. Niedoświadczony młodzieniec, który najwyraźniej cenił sobie uciechy życia w każdym tego słowa znaczeniu, nie dorósł do swej nowej roli – władcy Rzymu i wikariusza św. Piotra, tym bardziej że już niedługo przyszło mu się skonfrontować z wytrawnym graczem politycznym tego czasu – wspomnianym Ottonem I. Zdradzę tylko, że jego porażka była wielka i poniżająca, a ród hrabiów i książąt Tusculum od dekad rządzący w Rzymie, który zapewnił miastu najdłuższy w całym średniowieczu okres stabilizacji i pokoju, utracił panowanie. Nie na zawsze jednak.

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        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '19' and `lang` = 'pl'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 19
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '19' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 19
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '20' and `lang` = 'pl'530μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 20
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '20' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 20
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '21' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 21
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '21' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 21
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '22' and `lang` = 'pl'440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 22
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '22' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 22
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '23' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 23
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '23' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 23
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '24' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 24
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '24' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 24
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '25' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 25
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '25' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 25
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 26
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '26' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 26
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '27' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 27
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '27' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 27
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '28' and `lang` = 'pl'450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 28
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '28' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 28
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '29' and `lang` = 'pl'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 29
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '29' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 29
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `settings`340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '371' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 371
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '371' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 371
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '371' and `lang` = 'pl'650μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 371
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '371' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 371
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '371'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 371
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '371' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1290μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 371
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '371'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 371
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '10' limit 1410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 10
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `attributes` where `key` in ('name') and (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. name
        • 1. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '10' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 10
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '8' limit 1470μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 8
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `articles_photos` where `article_id` = '371'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 371
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '5609' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 5609
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_join` where `article_id` = '371'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 371
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '353' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 353
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '353' and `lang` = 'pl'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 353
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '353' and `lang` = 'pl'450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 353
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '353' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 353
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '353'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 353
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '353' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 353
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '353'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 353
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '12' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 12
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '355' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 355
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '355' and `lang` = 'pl'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 355
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '355' and `lang` = 'pl'530μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 355
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '355' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 355
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '355'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 355
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '355' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 355
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '355'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 355
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '12' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 12
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '357' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 357
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')530μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '357' and `lang` = 'pl'590μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 357
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '357' and `lang` = 'pl'540μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 357
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '357' and `lang` = 'pl'440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 357
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '357'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 357
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '357' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 357
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '357'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 357
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '14' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 14
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '365' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 365
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '365' and `lang` = 'pl'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 365
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '365' and `lang` = 'pl'520μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 365
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '365' and `lang` = 'pl'480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 365
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '365'460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 365
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '365' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 365
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '365'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 365
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '15' and `lang` = 'pl'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 15
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '366' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 366
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        Metadata
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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